The wild nature of Israel has concentrated various and contrast climatic zones to small territory. Mountains Snezhennye, burnt deserts, fertile plains, shady woods and sandy beaches. The wild nature of Israel is subdivided into four geographical zones. A climate of the country from changes from droughty up to moderated and subtropical. All this transforms the nature of Israel improbably various and unusual natural complex which is not having analogues in the world. An improbable variety of plants and animals. More than 47 000 versions of plants, birds and animals make the wild nature of Israel. Meet only in and the nature of Israel of 116 versions of mammals, 511 kinds of birds, 97 types of reptiles and 7 types of amphibians. Approximately 2 780 types of plants.

The floristic structure of the wild nature of Israel sharply changes depending on geography. It is accepted to distinguish vegetation of the country on seven independent types:
Mediterranean
Irano-Turanian, which is also found on the Asian steppes of the Syrian desert, in Iran, Anatolia and the Gobi Desert
Saharo-Arabian, which is also found in the Sahara, Sinai and Arabian deserts
Sudano-Zambesian, typical of Africa's subtropical savannas
Euro-Siberian
Plants that grow in more than one of these regions
Species from the Americas, Australia and South Africa that have started growing in Israel without human assistance

As a result of numerous wars of the last centuries and modern and as from for wrong wildlife management to the wild nature of Israel, the strong damage has been caused to flora. Former dense woods were replaced by burnt steppes and deserts. The naked stony ground under the hot sun has lost a moisture that has considerably undermined existence of set of wild plants. Water sources did not exist almost. The sad picture of the nature of Israel in the beginning and the middle of the twentieth century was those. Today the territory of the ancient country is covered with dense pine and cedar woods. Along roads avenues eucalyptus last. More than 200 million trees! Accordingly and field flowers are developed much, to not giving in any calculation.

Over the coastal plain is dominated with plantations of banana trees, oranges and other citrus fruit crops. Deciduous fruiters grow on all to the country, but it is especially good in cool hills of northern part of the country. Dates, bananas, an avocado, and a mango prosper in the Jordanian valley. The basic grain plants, vegetables and tobacco, a peanut make an agriculture of the ancient country. Fruiters blossom since January till April.
In the south in desert, trees of an acacia and prickly cactuses.

In mountain district Negev, massive Atlantic pistachios strikes the drama note among dry ・the rivers, and date palm trees grow everywhere where there is a sufficient underground water.
Countries much of cultural colors - among them, an iris of the eye, lilies of the madonna, a tulip and a hyacinth - have relatives among wild colors. After the first rains in October/November, the green carpet grows, covering the country till a following dry season.

Four main features have generated a vegetative variety of the wild nature of Israel:
Site of the country and topography; petrography and soil structure; a climate; and influence of the person.
Thus human influence was so powerful, that it has actually changed some landscapes.
Today the wild nature of Israel has 19 basic vegetative communities:

1. Maquis (areas containing small trees and shrubs) and forests: Located in the mountains of Judea, the Carmel and Galilee, these were the main woodlands. In most of the area today, the wild trees have been replaced by cultivated plants and domesticated trees, such as the olive and almond, or have been reforested with the Aleppo pine. Where cultivated land is abandoned, low herbaceous Mediterranean semi-shrubs grow.
2. Oak woodlands: On the volcanic rock of the Golan Heights, maquis dominated by the common oak grows in areas higher than 500 meters above sea level. Botanists believe that the woodland ranges here have decreased substantially during the past century.
3. Winter deciduous (montane) forests: On Mount Hermon, between 1,300 and 1,800 meters above sea level, winter deciduous trees and shrubs that can withstand the cold and wind flourish.
4. Quercus ithaburensis woodlands: This Mediterranean tree grows in Israel's drier and warmer coastal areas, although much of these woodlands have been converted into olive groves.
5. Carob and terebinth woodlands: These forests cover the limestone hills at the foot of the central mountain range..
6. Lotus and herbaceous vegetation: These shrubs are scattered over the hilly south-eastern Galilee, making it look like a park without trees.
7. Savanna Mediterranean: In areas too warm and too dry for Mediterranean trees, the quasi-tropical jujube and spiny trees of Sudanese origin grow.
8. Semi-steppe: Where Israel's Mediterranean region meets the desert, the vegetation changes to semi-shrubs.
9. Cushion-plants: Mount Hermon plants that grow beyond 1,900 meters above sea level must survive three to five months covered by snow each year and another four to five months of drought. The dominant vegetation here is small, spiny, rounded, dense shrubs known as cushion-plants.
10. Steppe: Semi-shrubs cover the slopes and hills of areas of the country that receive 80 to 250 mm. of rain a year. This vegetation formation is often referred to as steppe.
11. Atlantic terebinth steppe: On rocky terrain higher than 800 meters, the Atlantic terebinth grows.
12. Desert: Steppe vegetation gradually gives way to Saharo-Arabian plant species as the climate becomes drier.
13. Sand: Each of Israel's three sandy areas has a different climate and sand of different origin. Each, therefore, has different kinds of vegetation.
14. Oases: The warmest parts of Israel are the Arava, the Dead Sea and the Jordan valley. Run-off and underground water accumulate here, enabling trees of Sudanese origin to grow in the oases, and salt-resistant date palms to flourish around desert springs.
15. Desert savanna: In the Rift Valley, rainfall gradually increases northward from an annual 30 mm. around Eilat to 150 mm. north of Jericho. Sudanese trees with long roots take advantage of the high water table in this area of poor rainfall, making parts of it resemble the East African savannas.
16. Arava woodland: The deep sands of the Arava valley are covered with a sparse woodland of trees growing up to 4 meters in height.
17. Swamps and reed thickets: Water-logged soils on river banks support dense vegetation.
18. Wet saline: Salty water moistens the soil throughout the year along the Jordan, the Dead Sea, the Arava valley and on the Mediterranean shore near Akko.
19. In areas of intense human activity: Vegetation in such areas is easily differentiated

Israel ratified the Agreement of the United Nations Organization on a Biological Variety in August 1995. The one fifth part of the ground of Israel is declared as reserves.

From ancient times people drew plants and animals. Undoubtedly, that this genre of art is the most ancient. Images of the world of the nature are found out in a paleolith, ancient Egypt, the Greek culture, Roman empire. During the Renaissance classical art and art of natural sciences developed in parallel, gradually approaching. To the beginning of 19-th century, these directions have finally merged.
Botanical art became a hybrid from achievements of a science and art. If in Middle Ages botanical art was an illustration to the middle of 19-th century it was allocated in a special genre. It was difficult to find the house recognizing cultural, in which there would be no pictures of a botanical genre.
It is possible to recognize as the beginning of a botanical genre illustrations made in 512 year of our era, made in Constantinople to the famous herbarium of Greek doctor Dioscorides. So there was known ancient manuscript Vindobonensis. From now on, botanical figures were only copies of monks which have made figures of known sources, but itself figures did not create. Later, in the Middle Ages, the engraving on a tree is extended.
German Herbarius (1485), Hans Weiditz (1530) - these and other names mean a new epoch of botanical art. However it anything, in comparison with genius Albrecht Durer (May 21, 1471 - April 6, 1528) was a German painter, wood carver and engraver (http://www.jahsonic.com/AlbrechtDurer.html).
In last part of the sixteenth century botanical art roughly develops from for developments of floriculture especially in Holland and Germany. Cultivation of ornamental plants joins concept of an aesthetics. To the beginning of the seventeenth century, cultivation of ornamental plants became luxurious. Many artists work in a genre of botanical art. For example, French botanical painter Pierre Vallet in 1608 has created pictures of a garden of the Louvre which was at that time, is filled by exotic examples of the blossoming plants brought by the French researchers, coming back of the Western Africa and Spain.
It is known Maria Sibylla Merian, (1647 1717.) During this time she discovered and depicted the metamorphic process of the butterfly and moth. Maria was also one of the best flower painters of the seventeenth century of Holland.
Swedish born, Carl Linnaeus and a German, George Ehret, met in Amsterdam about 1735. George Ehret used system Linnaean, for names of the pictures. Georges Dajonizis Ehret (1708-1770) became the most influential the artist of the Europe of the middle of the eighteenth century. Pierre Joseph Redoute 1749-1840 was one of the most popular and successful flower painters of France. It is difficult to name all bright names of botanical artists.
In 17 19 centuries on each scientific expedition the botanical artist worked, or scientists perfectly drew. However in the end 19, the beginning of 20 centuries from for inventions and mass distribution of the camera, the serious damage has been caused to botanical art. Became accepted to think, that the photo can replace figure. From the beginning of 20 centuries many traditions and the well-known schools of botanical art have ceased to exist. It seemed, that this genre of art was lost for ever. However from the middle of 60 years it became clear, that the photo is not capable to replace figure in biology. Now, unfortunately, very much not many artists devote the creativity to botanical art. Galleries and sites of these artists are not so popular, as other artists, but the contribution of these people to art very significant and important.
The known German poet and the playwright, Goethe has told, that the botanical artist differs from the artist of a still-life that should satisfy not only the fan of superficial beauty, but should give the truth through beauty of the truth. This exclusively true remark. Figure of botanical art should be not only is beautiful, but also scientifically exact. It demands from the artist not only art, but also scientific training and practice.